SECOND YEAR B, PHARM

PHARM ENGINEERING (THEORY)

 

1)         Concept of materials and energy balance

2)         Flow of fluids; Types of fluids properties of fluids static Laminar and turbulent flow Bernoulli Transporation of fluids pipe fittings

 3)        Heat transfer; Modes of heat transfer overall heat transfer coefficient heat Transfer media shell and tube plat finned tube heat exchangers.Introduction, size refrigeration size reduction equipment,

4)         Evaporation; Types of evaporators

5)         Size reduction; Theory of size reduction equipment

6)         Mixing fundamentals, Mixers for solid –solid liquid –liquid and solid –liquid And solid liquid systems, selection of mixers

 7)        Materials of construction for pharmaceutical plants; Iron and its alloys Copper and its allows aluminum and its alloys Nickel and its alloys rubber Plastic enamel, glass

 8)        Corrosion Types of corrosion, Method for corrosion prevention

9)         Material handling; Equipments for material handling such as belt conveyors Apron conveyors etc

10)       Distillation: Vapor –liquid equilibrium Flash distillation fractional Distillation Azeotropes and their separation stem distillation Distillation

11)       Crystallization; Temperature –solubility relationship crystallization from

Solutions and melts Crystallizers

12)       Extraction and leaching; selection of solvents equipments for extraction

13)       Drying; purpose of drying, moisture contents, and drying curve various types Including spray drying freeze drying dryers,

14)       Filtration; Theory of filtration filter media filter aids. Filtration equipments Centrifugal filtration

15)       Industrial plant hazards; occupational mechanical electrical and fire hazards

16)       Instruments for measurement of pressure temperature, flow etc

17)       Process engineering and preventive maintenance

18)       Introduction to Integrated automated production lines and robotics

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

     Latest editions of the following book

   

1.         David Gandertion, “Unit Processes in pharmacy”

 2.         Roussal Gackenback, “Material selection for process plants”

 3.         Steiner, “plant Engineering Handbook “Macmillan publications

 4.         Parry and Chemical Engineering Handbook “, Mc Grew Hill, Delhi

 5.         Lachlan L, Lieberman H.A.”Theory and .practice of Industrial pharmacy  Varghese publishing House

6.         K.samabamurthy,” pharmaceutical Engineers Handbook “New age International (P) Led

 7.         W.L.Badger, Banc hero J, T,”Introduction to Chemical Engineering “Tate McGraw Hill,Delhi 1998

 

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SECOND YEAR B.PHARM

PHARMACOGNOSY-I(THEORY)

 

1.  General Introduction: Definition, history, development and scope ofpharmcognosy,Export potential of medicinal plants

                                    .                      

2.      General Phmacognosy: Classification of crude drugs -alphabetical morphological taxonomical chemical and biological chemotaxonomy and Chemical races systematic descriptodescription of curde drugs Organised and unorganized drugs commercein crude drugs –cultivation collection processing &storge of crude drugs.

 

 3.  Evaluation of curde drugs: Different method of evaluation –organolepic microscopic              

      physiochemical  chemical and biological Extractive values asp values determination of foreign organic matter moisture content quantitative microscopy including lycopodium spore method and leaf constants Adulteration of crud drugs and its detection preliminary photochemical screening WHO guidelines for quality control of medicinalplants 

4        Nature occurrence chemistry biogenesis extraction isolation of the classes of chemical constituents mentioned in (5)to(9) The systematic study of curde drugs including biological source morphology histology cultivation collection and preparation active  constituents chemical tests substitutes and adulterants therapeutic uses etc ; underlined in (5)to(18) 

5        Carbohydrates : Simple and polysaccharides including gums and Mucilages Honey commercial starches agar tragacanth Indian tragacanth guar gum  acacia isapghula seeds linseeds psyllium seeds carrgeenan bael fruits alginates TKP cellulose and its derivatives 

6        Tannins: pale catechu black catechu kinos galls ashoka bark myroblans (harda &beharda) 

7        Anthraquinone glycosides :Senna leaves &pods cascara berk rhubard roots aloes frangula back cochineal etc 

8        Cardiac glycosides:  Dioscorea levaves strphanthus seeds squillbulb etc 

9        Saponin glycosides :Dioscorea corea ginseng sisal brack glycyrrhiza roots and stolons senega roots etc 

10    Cynogenetic glycosides :Almonds seeds wild cherry berk etc 

11    Isothiocyanate  glycosides :Mustard seeds . 

12    Flavonoid glycosides : Citrits,fruits hesperidin rutin etc 

13    Coumarin  glcosides :Tonco beans Visnaga fruits ,psoralea fruits etc 

14    Simple phenolic glycosides :Mele fern roots vanilla pods capsicum fruits 

15    Bitter glycosides : Chirata herb picrorrhiza roots Kalmegh herb quassia wood gentian roots 

16    Resins & resin combinations : Colophony balsam of Tolu balsam of peru benzoin storax copaiba asafetida murrh gamboges vidang fruits Indian podophyllum roots cannabis Kaladana seeds jalap roots Brazillan and Indian jalap roots colocynthfruits tummeric rhizomes galang 9rhizomes etc

17    Fixed oils fats & waxes : Castor oil cod –liver oil shak liver oil olive oil coconut oil mustard oil neem oil arachis oil chaulmoogra oil wheat gram oil cotton seed oil kokum oil lanolin bees wax wool fat spermaceti wax etc 

18    Plant acids : Citrus tamarind garcinia amla 

19    Proteins : gelatin 

20    Drugs of mineral origin : Bentonite chalk  kieselghur talk

 

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SECOND YEAR B.PHARM

PHARMACOGNOSY –I –(PRECTICALS)

 

1.         Measurement of cell contenalatets : Calcium oxalate crystals starch grains fibres trichomes    stone cells etc .

 2          .Lycopodium spore method 

 3.         Leaf constants asp values extractive values 

 4.         Study of commercial starches

 5.         Study of detailed histology  incuding powor characteristics of senna Glyceryhiza Cascara Linseed Quassia Ispaghula

 6          Gross morphological identification of drugs mentioned in theory

7.         Morphological and chemical identification of unorganized drugs

8.         Extraction of any two chemical constituentsfrom those mentined in the theory

 

RECOMMENDED BOOKS :

      Latest editions of the following books

 

1.   Trease and Evans pharmacognosy , 15 th addition W.Bsouders Co.Ltd

2 .  Wallis T.E.,Texbook  of pharmacognosy ,.T.E. Wallis,CBS Publishers &  Distributors , 5th addition 

3        shah C.S and Quadri J.S., Textbook of pharmacognosy .,

B.S Shah  prakashan , Ahemdabad ,7 th edition 1989-90           

4        Brady L.R Tyler V.Erobbers J.E.,pharmacognosy K.M Varghese Company 9th edition 1988

5        Kokate C.K  purohit A.P , Gokhale S,B Textbook of phamacognosy ,Nirali Prakashan ,pune 10th 1998

6        Turner T.D&Brin K.R prectical Evaluation of phytopharmaceuticals wright –scient chnica Bristol 1975

7        Khandelwal K.Rpractical pharmacognosy nirali prakashan pune 7th ed 2000

8        Ayurvedic formula of India part Ist & IInd Government of India Ministry of Helth family welfare

 

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SECOND YEAR B.PHARM

PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY –II(THEORY)

 

1.   Control  of Microorganisms 

            a     Sterilization

                  Principles physical methods of sterilization like thermal methods nonthermal methods their application to pharmaceutical operation of sterilizers like autoclaves hot air ovens membrance filters Biological Indicators. 

Validation of hot air oven and autoclave 

           b      Chemical Sterilization

                   Disinfectants

                   Antisepetics

                   Sanitizers

                    Bactericides

                    Fungicides

  Preservatives their mode of action classification evaluation fectors governing efficiency

            c.    Asepetic techniques and ther application Hepa filter validation

            d.     Sterility test: Methodology and interpretation sterility test for typical phamacetical products 

  1. Microbial limit test

Pharmacopoeia standards for microbial contamination of various raw materials used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry 

  1. Medical microbiology :

Study of common pathogenic micro organisms like staphyococcci salmonella shigella Mycobaterium Klebshiella pseudomonas clostridium Treponema Esc herchia proteus with respect to their morphologicalculturalbiochmical characteristics and disease caused by them Fungi and yeast causing skin infection       

 

  1. Medical parasitological :

Protozoa and infection Entamoeba histolytica Treponemal paraities malarial parasites Leishmanial parasites 

  1. Introduction to bmycotoxins like ergot nephrotoxins

  2. Introduction to microbical drug resistans Aflatoxins –orgenisms producing them inactivation removal of aflatoxins

  1. Immunology

T cell biology

B cellbiology

Antigen –Antibody reaction

Hypersensitivity reaction

HLA system

Complement system

  1. prepartion and standardization of vaccines sera diagnostic biologicale

  2. micrrobilal assays of antibics vitamins and amino acids interpretation of results

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 SECOND YEAR B.PHARM  

PHARMACEUITCAL MICRBIOLOGY –II (PRACTICALS)

 

 

  1. Laboratory rules of operating some common equi[ments

  2. Determination of MIC of antimicrobial

  3. Detemination of efficiency  of preservatives

  4. Microbical assay of anitimicrobical agents like penicillium crystal violet

  5. Study of agram negative bacteria with respect to their cultical morphological characteristics

  6. Comparison of different antibiotics or antimicrobical agent by  cup plate method paper disc ditchplat method and gradient plat technique

  7. Immunodiffusion in agar gel

  8. MicrobicalLimit test on selected sterile products

  9. Sterility test of selected sterile products

  10. Experimentation on sterilization .

RECOMMNDED BOOK   

Latest editions of the follwing books 

1.     Michael J. P., Chan E.C., Noel R,K., Microbiology Tata McGraw Hill , Inc 5th edition 1986

2 .    Prescott H.K Microbiology International edition Mc Graw Hill Inc 5th edition 2002

 

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SECOND YEAR B. PHARM

         PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND HELTH EDUCATION (THORY)

 

1.      A general introduction of diseases and their causes

        Disease etiology:

        Genetic Congenital Acquired Idiopathic cell

 

            Cell injury and organic of diseases

              i )Cellular deficiencies

              ii) Cellular intoxication

              a )  Exogenous toxins      

              b)Endogenous toxins

   

2        Infections and parasitic diseases

a)  Viral b) Bacterial ,c) Caused by Spirochtesd) Rickettsia e)Chlamydia f) Systemic fungal g) Parasitic i) Protozol and intestinal j)Sexually transmitted diseases

 3        Immunology :

Allergic disorders biology of immune system immunodeficiency diseases Hypersensitivity reaction and their disorders Transplantation – HLA platelet herebity acquired cogulation disorder Leukemia and Lymphoma

 4.        Hematological  disorder 

Anemia Its causes hematological disorders such as vascular platelet herebity acquired coaulation disorder Leukemia and Lymphoma

5        Cardiovasclar disorders

i)Hypertension 

ii)Cardiac arrhythytymias

iii)congenital heart diseases

iv)Myocadial  disorders

           v)Rheumatic heart diseases

           vi) Extra cardiac in fluence on heart Coronary Artery Diseases

6        pulmonary discords:

Haemoptysis bronchial asthma occupational lung diseases pneumothorax disorders and acid base disorders

 7        Renal and urologic disorders :

a)Acid –base disorders ,ii) Renal failure ,iii) Dialysis iv) Bacterial infection v)Obstructive uropathy  vi) Urinary incontinence vii) Urinary calculi and viii)kidney transplantation

8        Gastrointestinal disorders :

      Hiatus  hernia gas gastritis peptic ulcer appendicitis pancreatitis constipation hemorrhoids  

      anal fissure fitula and peritonitis

 9        Hepatic and diliry disorders:

Hepatitis cirrhosis and fibrosis of liver

 10    Natritional and metabolic disorders:

Vitamin deficiency toxicity and obesity

11    Endocrine glands :

i)Thyroid –cretinism my xoedema hyperthyroidism ii) parathyroid and hyper and hypo calcium methbolism and iii)pancereas diabetes mellitus .

12    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders

i)Arthritis rheumatic and osteoarthritis ii) lupus erythrematosus :cutaneous and systemic iii)gout and v) myasthenia gravis

13    Neurologic disorders

Neurological  illness :i) Epilepsy and convulsive disorders ii) Meningitis and its type encephalitis iii)multypli sclerosis iv) parkinsonism v) headache  vi) pain vii) sleep disorders viii)mood disorders ix) anxity disorders and x) narcolepsy

14    Gynaecology and obstetrics :

i)Endometrioses ii)uterine bleeding disorders and thair types iii)premenstrual tension iv)dysmenorrhoea v) prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling vi) drugs and pregnancy with relation to duration of pregnancy types of drugs and vii)amniocentesis

15   Management of burns

16   Psychiatric disorders

           Psychosomatic medicine neurotic illness and their types personality disorders insomnia schizophrenia and child psychiartry

 17  ENT (disorders of ear nose and throat ) disorders of eye cornel ulcer cataract retinal detachment glaucoma contact lenses skin infection and inflammation 

18     Newer procedures used in diagnosis 

      19.  Health education

a) Cause and mode of spread of infection of eye corneal ulcer

b) establishment of clinics like childcare hospital facilies like ambulanc services blood centers et

c) environment hygiene and

d)outline of public helth measures for public helth measures for prevention of disease

20.     First aid measures

RECOMMNDED BOOK;

Latest editions of the following books

 

1.         Wilson J,D Braunwald E ,Isselbacher K,J Petersbors R.G Martin J.V  ., Fauci A.S Root R.K ,Harrison ‘s Principals of Internal medicine Published by Mc  Grew Hill, New York, U.S.A,Vol I& II, 12th edition, 1992.

2.          Cotran R.S.,Kumar V., Robbin S.L., Basic Pathology, 6th edition,Publishe4d bu W.B. Saunders Company, New Delhi, India, 1997

3.         Stphen J.M., Vishwanath R.L., William F.G., Jack D.L., Pathophysiology diseases and clinical medicine- An introduction, 2nd edition, Published by Prentice-hall International. 

 

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SECOND YEAR B.PHARM

PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIA-I (THEORY)

 

1.                  Importance of quality control in Pharmacy

 2.                  Acid-Base titrations :- Law of mass action, acid base equilibrium, pH scale, use and application of pH meter, pH  and hydronium ion concentration in aqueous system, pH calculations of weak acids and weak bases. Hydrolysis of salts, Buffers, strengths of acid and bases, dissociation constant, equivalent weights and standard solutions

 3.                  Buffer : concept, biological and pharmaceutical application, buffer capacity, buffered isotonic solution.

 4.                  Non-aqueous titrations : Theory, scope and limitations. Acid base equilibrium in non-aqueous media. Titrants, solvents and indicators used. Application of non aqueous titration in Pharmacy.

 5.                  Oxidation reduction titrations :- Theory, preparation and standardization of some redox titrants like potassium permanganate ,potassium dichromate, iodine, sodium thiosulfate, potassium bromide, cerric ammonium sulfate, titanous chloride, sodium 2, 6 dichlorophenol indophenols. Application of redox titration in Pharmacy.

 6.                  Precipitation titrations :- Preparation and standardization of titrants like silver nitrate and ammonium thiocunate. End point determination by Volhard method, Mohars Method, Fajan method. Titration curve method, Application of precipition titrations.

 7.                  Complexometric titrations :-

Concept of complexation and chelation . Co-ordination number and structure of complexions, stability constants, titrations curves, masking and demasking agents, metal ion indicators, factors influencing the stability  of complexes, application.

 8     .    Gravimetry :- Principals of gravimetry, Applications, Factors affecting the precipitations, formation and properties of preceipitate, colloidal state, impurities in analytical  precipitator conditions of precipition, precipitation from homogenous solution washing and  drying precipitate, Drying and ignition of precipitate.

     Experimental techniques of drying and ignition.

 9.        Extraction procedures : Liquid solid extraction, liquid-liquid extraction separation of mixtures by extraction ,distribution law, successive extraction, the Craig method of multiple extraction, continuous counter- current extraction, effect of temperature, pH, Inert, association ion pair  formation, the emulsion problems in extraction.

  1.       Miscellaneous method of Analysis

          Diazatization titration, Kjeldhal’s nitrogen determination Karl fisher titration Determination of alcohol of liquid galencials, oxygen flask  combustion method. 

11.     Electroanalytical techniques :-

          The electrical cell, electrode potential, half cells, types of half cells, sign convention, Nerst equation, the salt bridge, activity series standard potential, SHE ,measuring the relative voltage of half cells, calculation of standard potential, reference electrodes, indicator electrodes.  

  1.     Potentiometry: Theoretical consideration, ion selective electrodes measurement of potential, redox titration curve, pH measurement, relation of pH to potential, application to Pharmacy

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SECOND YEAR B.PHARM

PHARM. ANALYSIS - I (PRACTICALS)

 

  1. Standardization of 0.1 N NAOH using KHP

  2. To prepare and standardize 0.1 N H2SO4

  3. To determine the percentage purity of Borax

  4. To det. Percentage purity of ZnOeek

  5. To det. Acid value of castor oil

  6.  To det. Sap value of Castor oil

  7.  To det. Iodine value of given oil

  8.  To det. Percentage purity of Lactic acid

  9.  To determine percentage purity of sodium benzoate

  10.  To determine aspirin content of given tablet

  11.  To Determine percentage purity of antimony potassium tartarate

  12.  To determine percentage purity of CuSO4

  13.  To determine percentage purity of  sodium nitrite

  14.  To determine percentage purity of Magnesium sulphate

  15.  To determine percentage purity of Aluminium sulphate

  16.   To determine percentage purity of  phenol

  17.   To determine percentage purity of Ephedrine HCI

  18.   To determine percentage purity of  Sodium Chloride

  19.   To determine percentage purity of  Calcium Carbonate

  20.   To determine percentage purity of  Ferrous fumarate

  21.   To determine content of salicylic acid in compound benzoic acid ointment.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS   

Latest editions of the following books.

  

1)      A.H. Beckett and J. B .Stenlake, Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vol I & II .The Athlone Press of the University of London.

      

2)      K.A. Connors., A text Book of Pharmaceutical Analysis, John Wiley and Sons New York.

 

3)      Stephen & Brewer Solving Problems in analytical chemistry by Stephen and Brewer, John Wiley and Sons, New York

 

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SECOND YEAR B. PHARM

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II  (THEORY)

 

  1. Chemistry of heterocylic compounds. Introduction and nomenclature of heterocyclic ring system, Synthesis and  reaction of three, four, five and six membered heterocyclic.

Synthesis Of indoles by FI synthesis, Scrap quinoline synthesis and Bachelor- Napirialski synthesis.

2.   Carbonyl Chemistry

      The following reaction will be covered along with ther reaction mechanism

          1      W. K reduction Huang mingling modification

          2       Reduction of arylsulfonly hydrazine’s to alkane

          3      Bamford Steven reactions

          4      DCC oxidation of alcohol

          5       Reverse aldol reaction

          6      Michael additions retro Micheal reaction

          7       Robinson annulation

          8        Mannich reaction

          9        Stobbe condestion                                                    

          10    Darzen, s reation

          11    Becmann rearrangements

          12    Bayer Villeger rearrangment

          13    Methylene transfer rxns. Use of CH2 N2 & Sulfur ylides in the same

          14    formation and use of enol ethers enamines and enol acetateses

          15   Mono and dialkylations in 1,3 dicarbonyl compound

       

3                  Pericyclic reaction sigmatropic rearrangements electrocyclic reaction inculuding Allowed and disallowed conrotatory and cyclisation 2+2 and 4+2 cycloaddditions Reaction

4                    Molecular  rearrangements of electron deficient systems

5        Stereochmistry of acyclic and cyclic compound Enantiomerism diastereomerism conformational and geometric isomerism Conformations of cyclohexane Cis –trans relationship in acyclic system Resolution of racemic mixtures

6        Synthesis and reaction of bicyclic and tricyclic fused ring system (Naphthalene &Anthracene

7        Classification of terpenes isoprene rule

8        Classification of carbohydrates Dand Lnomenclature of sugars structure and chemical reaction of glucose

9        Amino acids peptides and proteins Natural amino acid and their classification simple chemical reaction of amino acid Isoelectric poin determination of C-and N-terminal residue of apeptide

10    Chemical classification test for identification and feneral method of isolation of alkaloids

 

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

 Latest editions of the following books

1        Morrison R. T and Boyd R.M organic chemistry prentice Hall of India pvt Ltd new Delhi 110 001

2        Hendrickson J.B CramD.J and Hammond G.S Orgenic Chemistry Intenatinal student Edition McGraw –Hill Kogakusha Ltd new delhi

3        Eliel E.L stereochemistry of Carbon copounds Tata Mcgraw Hill publishing Co LTD NEW Delhi

4        Finar i.l organic chemistry Vol &ii E,L,B,S Longman Group Ltd London 

 

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SECOND YEAR B. PHARM

PHARM. CHEM. II (THEORY)

 

1        Introduction to metabolism of drugs basd on their functional groups

2        The following classes of drugs to be coverd in details with respect to their physicochemical properties mode of action structure activity relationship and synthesis of some compounds

1        Antibacterial agents

a)  Sulpha drugs: Introduction to sulpha drugs crystal urea formation classification of sulph  

     Drugs sulphoxazonle * sulphathiazol *, sulphadiazain *, Trimethoprim

b) Quiniolone: History chemical classification chemistry of Quinolone Target site

     selectivity Of action activity and synthesis ciprofloxacin *

c)  Anitibiptics: History classification of anitibiotics

   a) B-lactam antibiotics e, g . Pencillim and cephalosporin

        

 i) Penicillin

     Detection of antibiotic products Organissms Biosythesis Chemistry acide and penicillinase 

     Degradation of penicillin Broad spectrum penicillins such as aminopenicillin e.g ampicillin  

     Amoxicillin Hetacillin pivampicillin talampicillin bacampicillin

  ii) Cephalosporins

      Introduction to cephalosprins chemistry, classification of cephalosporins according to   

      Ther     generation Ist IInd IIIrd &Ivth generation other B lactam antibiotics such as  

      Imipenam      aztreonam, B-lactamase inhibitors such as clavulanic acid and sulbactam(Note:-s Synthesis of those drugs to be studied)

   b) Aminoglycoside Antibiotics

    Introduction to aminoglycosides classification of aminoglycosides chemistry mechanism Of action and toxicity 

  c) Tetracycline Antibiotics

    Introduction to tetracyclines chemistry mechanism of action 

 d) Macrolide Antibiotics:

   Activity.     Introduction, Chemistry and classification-12 membered, 14membered, 16-Membered and 

 e) Lincomycin Antibiotics:

    Introduction and chemistry, acidic or basic 

 f) Polypeptide Antibiotics:

    Introduction, Chemistry, classification Acidic, basic and neutral.

 g) Unclassified Antibiotics:

     Chloramphnicol*, Vancomycin. Mechanism of action & toxicity. 

  1. Antimycobacterial Agents:

Introduction to mycobacteria, Tuberrculin Test, reasons for multidrug therapy,dapson*, PAS, Isoniazid*, Ethionamid*, Pyrazinamide*, clofazimine, ehtambutol*, Antibiotic such as streptomycin, Kanamycin, capreomycin, viomycin, cycloserin, rifampin Types of therapy 

  1. Antifungal agents:

Classification of fungal infection fatty acid propionic acid, Undecylenic acid, Triacetin, salicylic acid, Tolnaslate, Acrisorcin, Haloprogin, phenol and its derivatives, substituted imidazoles such as clotrimazole*, econazole, butaconazole, miconazole, Ketoconazole. Antifungal antibiotics such as Amphotericin B, Nystatin. Candicidin D, Natamycin,

Griseofulvin, fluconazole*, flucytosin 

  1. Antiamoebic agents:

Introduction and classification, Diiodohydroxyquine*, Diloxanide furoate*, Paramomycin, metronidazole*, Tinidazole*, Emetine, and dihydroemetine, Arsenical pentamidine, Nifurtimox.

  5.   Anathematic agents:  

            Classification, Tetrachlrotheylene, Bithinol, Puyrvinium palmoate, pyrantel pamoate,Piperazine * citrate, Diethly carbamazine citrate *, chloroquine, Emetine, Imidazole Derivatives such as Benzimidazole, mebendazole *, albenadazole * Thiabendazole *. 

            Niclosamide, oxamniquine, Praziquantal, Teramisole, suramin, lucanthone, hycanthone, Antimonial compounds such as antimony potassium tatarate, sodium Antimonydimercaptosuccinate

 6.   Antimalarial agents:  

Introduction, life cycle of malaria parasite, cinchone alkaloids,4-amion    quinolines * such as Chloroquine hydeoxychoroquine, Amidoquine, Sontaquine .Aminoquinoline*, pamaquine*., Primaquine*, pentaguine and isopentaquine, 9- aminoacridine*, mefloquine, pyrimidine Derivatives such as pyrimethamine *, trimethoprime. Biguandie, sulphone, Halofantrine.

 

  1.  Antiviral Agents :

Introduction, Viral replication, types of viral diseases, Interferon inducer0poly1: C,poly ICLC, antiviral agent’s amantadine HCL, acyclovir, vidarabine, xytarabine, zidovudine, Iodoxouridine, Methisazone

 

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:

Latest editions of the following books.

 1.                  Foye W.O., Principles of Medical Chemistry, B.I .Waverly Pvt. Ltd. ,

2.                  Wilson C.O., Grisvlod . Text Book and Organic, Medical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Lippin Cott. Co. Philadelphia, Toronto.

3.                  Burger A., Medical Chemistry, Part I, II & III John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York.,    

   

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 SECOND YEAR   B.PHARM

PHARMACEUTICS-  II (THEORY)

 

1)         Biphasic dispersed system:

            Suspensions, mucilages, mixtures, magmas, emulsions, lotions liniments, gels and Jellies formulation, methods of preparation, stabilization and evaluation of such System including theories of emulsification, mechanism, of controlled flocculation,Reconstituted suspensions and industrial processing of suspensions and emulsions.

 

2)         Dermatological preparations:

            Percutaneous absorption, formulation, methotds of preparation, stabilization,Manufacture and packaging of ointements, creams, pasters, collodions and poultice. Evalution of drug release from dermatologicval preparations.

 3)         Suppositories:

Rectal absorption formulation and preparation munufacture and quality control of suppositories different types of base drug release from suppositories                      

 4)        Tablets:      

  Principles, processes including direct compression wet and dry granulation equipment employed in the preparation and manufacture of granules Different type of machines used for compression of tablets Differents type of tablets including chewable buccal sublingual effervescent and dispersible tablets tablets Formulation factors including excipients and processing Evaluation and quality control of tablets

 5)       Capsules:   

 Principles processes and equipment employed in the manufacture and filling of hard Gelatin capsules manufacture of soft gelatin capsules Excipients used in formulation Capsules and quality control testing

 

 

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SECOND YEAR B.PHARM

PHARMACEUTICS –II (PRACTICALS)

      I)  MIXTURES:     

         i) Kaolin mixture BPC

         ii) Paediatric chalk mixture BPC

         iii) Paediatric Ferric ammonium citra mixture BPC

         iv) Magnesium hydroxide mixture BPC

          v) Megnesiumtrisilicate mixture BPC      

        II]   SUSPENSIONS:          

              i) Trisulfapyrimidine suspension USP

              ii) Paracetamol Oral Suspension

       III]  MAGMA:

                i) Bentonite magma Bpc

        IV]  GEL:

              i) Aluminum hydroxide gel USP

         V] EMULSION:

             i) Conc. Peppermint emulsion BPC

             ii) Liquid Paraffin emulsion IP

            iii) Vitamin A & D emulsion

            iv) Castor oil emulsion

         VI] LOTIONS:

                 i) Calamine Lotion BPC

                 ii) Copper and zinc sulfate lotion BPC

                 iii) Compound sulfur lotion BPC

                 iv) Resorcinol and sulfur lotion Extra pharmacopoeia.

                  v) White lotion USP

                 vi) Benzyl benzoate lotion USP

                 vii) Oily calamine lotion BPC

                 viii) Salicylic acid and Mercuric chloride lotion, BPC

        VII] LINIMENTS:

                 i)  Soap liniment BPC

                 ii) Ammoniated camphor liniment

                 iii) Compound methyl salicylate liniment extra  

                     pharmacopoeia.

                 iv) Terpentine limiment BPC.

                  v) White liniment BPC

                 vi) Benzoyl benzoate application BPC

                 vii) Compound calamine application BPC.

 

       VIII] JELLYS:  

            i)   Ephidrine sulphate jelly  

           ii)   Sodium CMC jelly

           iii)  Zinc gelatine

          IX]     OINTMENT:        

                      i)  Paraffin ointment IP

                      ii) Simple ointement IP

                      iii)  Sculpture ointement BPC

                       iv) Emulifying ointementBPC 

                       v)Compound benzonic acid ointment BPC      

                       vi) Hydrophillic ointement

       

          X]     CREAMS:      

          i) Aqueous cream (hydrous emulsifying ointment)

                      ii) Oily cream

                      iii) Cetrimide Cream BPC

                      iv) Proflavin Cream BPC

          XI]   PASTES:                                                

                    i) Titanium dioxide paste BPC

                    ii) Oily cream

                    iii) Cetrimide Cream BPC

                     iv) Proflavin Cream BPC

           XII]   POLTICES:     

                     i)        Kaolin poultice BPC

          

           XIII] SUPPOSITORIES:      

i)                    Monograph of Suppositories

ii)                   Polyethylene glycol suppositories

iii)                 Soap glycrine suppsitorise USP

iv)                 Glycerol suppositories BP 93

v)                  Compound bismuth suballate suppositories

                       vi)        Zinc oxide suppositories

 

            XIV] TEBLETS:

i)                    Monograph of tablets

ii)                   preparation and evaluation of granules and or tablets of  

                 the following

a)                paracetamol tablets I P

b)                Paediatric asprin tablets BPC

c)                Calcium earbonate tablets BPC

d)                Compound ferrous sulphate tablets

e)                Riboflavin tablets

 

                       XV]     CAPCULES:               

                             I)          Demonstration of capsule filling machine

                            II)Preparation of capsules of one model drug 

   

RECOMMENDED BOOK:

Latest editions of the following book 

1)      Ansel; Introduction to pharmaceutical Dosage Forms; and drug delivery; B,I     Waverley PVT; New Delhi, 6th ED; (1999).

2)      L. Lachman H. A. Liberman and J. K. King ; ‘ Theory and practice of Industrial pharmacy ,’ Varghese publishing House Bombay , 2nd ED., (1987)

3)      Osol, ed. ‘Remington’s pharmaceutical Scienc, Vol. I & II,Mach publishing company  Easton ,perisylvania, (1995)

4)      A.N.Martin et. A, “Physical Pharmacy” B.I. Waverly Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 4th Ed (1993)

5)      Miceel E. Aulton, “pharmaceutics ; The science of ?Dosage Form Design ‘ , 2nd ed., Churchill Livingstone, New York,

6)      Rawlin, “Benteley’s Text book of Pharmaceutics’ , 8th Ed., Baillere and ?Tindall and ELBS, New York , (1979)

7)      S.J.Carter, ed., “Cooper and Gunn’s Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Students “ CBS Publisher & distributors, Delhi (1987)

8)      LACHMAN ET. A., “Pharmaceutical Dosage froms : Tablets : vol . 1-3 Marcel Dekker Inc. New York (1990)

9)      Banker & Rhodes., “Modern Pharmaceutics” 3rd Ed., Maracel Dekker Inc.,  New York.,(1996)

10)  IP 1996, BP, USP & NF 2005, Maintindale exta Pharmacopoeia 29th Ed The Pharmaceutical press London.

 

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SECOND YEAR B.PHARM

PHYSICAL PHARMACY (THORY)

1.         Thermodunamic: Second and third law of themodynamics, entropy, free energy funcastion And applications, maximum net work, criteria for euqibilirium, Classius- claperyronEquation, Vant Hoff equtinn.

2.         Collidus: Collodial state, type and application of colloids, optical, kinetics and electrical Properition and stability sensitization and protective action Gels and syneresis, Kraft point And cloud point 

3                Surfactants : Surface tension and interfacial tensison : concept, mesurment and application ;Characteristics of surface active agents, HLB system, micellization, weeting and spreading Agent forming and antifoaming agent solubilizing agent detergent adorption on solid or liquid Surfaces adsorption isothrms  

 4.        Micromeritics: Particale size mesurment, distribution statistical diamemeters; microscopy Sieving and sedimentation methods of parectical size determination parecle number,parecle Shape surface area and volume porosity, packaging arrangements densities of particles Bulkiness, flow propersirtise and cohesiveness, compaction of powders

5.        Rheeology: Types of flow, measurement of rheological characteristics, effect of temperature, Phase volume ratio on viscosity of dispersion, thixotropy and its mesurment, anitithixotropy, Bulges and surs, rheologyof semisolids, application of rheology in pharmacy.

6.         Crystalline state: Structure of crystalline solids, X-ray diffraction, melting point and heat of fusion melting point and intermolecular forces, polymorphisism, dilatometric analysis Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA)

7.         Chemical equilibria and kinetics: Law of mass action, effect of temperature and pressure on equilibrium rates, order of Reaction: zero first and second order reaction. Determination of order of reaction. Comparisons of zero, first and second order reaction Complex reaction catalsis, biological half life. Decomposition of medicinal agents and protection from degradation: hydrolysis, oxidation and reduction Accelerated stability testing: Introduction to kinetics of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination.

 

2.9 (P) SECOND YEAR B. PHARM.

Physical Pharmacy(PRECTIALS)

                      Minimum 50 Hr./Yr

 

Experiments based on topics  in theory.  

They should include covered(but nit resist to) the following:

  1.      Preparation and stability of colloids. Effect of electrolytes on stability of colloids.

  2.      Determination of surface tension by drop number method.

  3.      Determination of viscosity using Oswald’s viscometer.

  4.      Determination of critical Micelle concentration [cmc] using S.T. Method.  

5.      Determination of could point, effect of electrolyte conc. On could point

6.      Determination of precticle size by microscopy sieving, sedimentation.

7.      Angle of repose: Effect of granule size, fine gladiants, glidant concentration.  

8.      Study of sedimention : Behaviour of suspenctions flcoulated v/s deflocculated Suspension effect of different concentration of flocculating agents, e.g. electrolytes and surfacans.

9.   Order of reaction: First order, pseudo first order and second order reaction.

10.  Determination of critical HLB of emulation by phase inversion method.  

RECOMMENDED BOOKS :  

      Latest edition of following books.

1) Martin, A.N., ‘Physical Pharmasy’, B.I.Waverley, Ivth ed, New Delhi,1994.

2) Remington’s Pharmaceutical Science, ed. Osd. (Mack)

 3) Lachman,L. Liberman, H.A.,and Kanig, J.L., ‘The theory and Prectice of Industrial Pharmacy’, Iind ed, Vargese Publishing House, Mumbai.

 
 


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