FINAL YEAR B. PHARM.

INDUSTRIA ORGANISATION, DRUG STORE MNAGEMEN AND

INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY (THEORY)

A.   Idustrial Administration:

       Principles of Industrial Manegement in relation to the pharmaceutical Industry.

1. Introduction to froms of business organization:

 2 Introduction to the concepts of management.

    a) Menagerial work, function of manegment

    b) Menagerial planning – long term and short term plans.

    c) Menagment by objectives, by results, by exception

    d) Decision making prosess

    e) Menagement control systems.

3. Production management: goals and organization, plant location, factory bulding layot etc., production planning and development and materials maneagement, operating problems. Policies, purchasing and inventory controls.

 4. Organization of distribution and marketing: The pharmacettical market, market behaviour, influence market analysis, market research.

 5.  The pharmaceutical products: market considerations in producat development, product classification, planning producat differentiation, limitations, modificatios of existing products

 6 Marketing organization: the manufacturer to wholesaler to retailr.

 7. Competitive practices in pharmaceutical industry: product differentiation. Patents and trade marks, price competition,. Non –price competition- through research and development, through quality control

8. Marketing communication:

    a) Media for communication: advertising and sales promotion methods.

    b) Pharmaceutical detailing

 9. a) Indian  pharmaceutical industry : pharmaceutical industry in India, itsrole in national economy and national helth

    b) Structure of the industry: organized sector, small scale sector, public sector, development council (Drug and pharmaceuticals. )

    c) Progress in the manufacturing of bulk drugs and formulations.

    d) Export and import of drugs and pharmaceuticals.

 B. Drug store Management:

 a) Factors influencing the starting and running of a drug store.

b) Different types and forms of drug- store.

c) ‘Location

d) Purchasing and its construction, furniture and fixtures.

e) Store building and its construction, furniture and fixtures.

f) Internal planning and layot.

 11) Policies in a drug store:

      Purchase and its record sales and its record, credit and cash sales, suitable pricing, sales promotion and advertisement, drug – store employees and thir treatment, losses and insurance including fire, thefts etc.

 12) Accounting and Correspondence:

      Elementitary knowledge of different kind of accounts, ratio and their application , books of accounting journal and ledger, cash book , balance sheet, profit and loss account , principles of costing and estimating elements of double entry.

 RECOMMENDED BOOKS: 

Latest editions of the following books.

1 koontz and O’Donnell. ‘Principles of Management’ by International student edition of McGraw Hill.7^th edition 1980.

 2 Reddin. W.J., ‘Effective Menagment’ New Delhi, Tata M. C. Graw Hill, publishing Co. Ltd., 1987.

 3. Pater Drucker,’ practice of Management ‘Allied publishrs, New Dellhi. 

4 Nolen and Maynard,’ Drug stores Management’, Mc Graw Hill

 5. Lassers J.K., ‘How to run a small  business’ prerau.

 6 O’ Connor,’ Treatise on Commerical pharmacy’. (J. B. Lippincoott)

 7 Olsen,’ Marketing Drug products,’ (Rutgersuni press), U.S.A.

 8 Burley, fisher and Cox,’ Drug store Operating Costs and profits’,

   Mc Graw publishing Co. Ltd., N.Y., U.S.A.

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FINAL YEAR B. PHARM

COSMETICOLOGY (THEORY)

1) Introduction to cosmetics, their application, origin and development of cosmetic sciences.

 2) Basic knowledge of skin, role of hormones and vitamins in skin nutrition.

 3) Preservation, performance and   evaluation of cosmetic materials.

 4) Cosmetic colours: natural and synthetic colours including plant and animal origin colours, lakes, pigmes and inorganic colours

5) Dermatitis and allergy, primary irritans, photosensitisaion, allergy and antihistaminics in cosmetic

6) Perfumes in cosmetic: Synthetic, natrul and artificial perfumes, types of perfumes, Classification of perfumes, manufacturing and blending and blending of perfumes.

7) Formulation manufacturing and equipment used for following types of cosmetic prwparations.

     i) Skiin creams and lotions, classification of skin creams, cold, vanishing, all purpose and Emollient creams, cleansing creams, foundation creams, hand creams, protective and barrier Creams.

     ii) Hair preparations: Shampoos, hair setting lotins, conditioners, hair tonics, hair bleaches, hair Colouring dyes, perment waving hair straightness, anti dandruff preparations.

     iii) Face powders and makeup: Face powders, compact powders, cake make up, make –up crem, Liquid makeup- stick make up and liquid , powder, beauty masks.

     iv) Coloured make up: Lipsticks, rouges and mouth washes.

     vii) Astringents and skin tonics.

     viii) Body cosmetic: Antiperants and deodorants, sun scrin, suntan and antiburn prepations, skin Lighteners and bleaches.

     ix) Bath preparations: Froam bath salts, bath oil and after bath products.

      x) Shaving preparation: Shving creams lather and brushless, aerosol shving foams, dry shving Preparation and after shave prepaeations.

      xi) Body cosmetics: Baby powderds, oils, lotions, shampoos and soaps.

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FINAL YEAR B. PHARM

COSMETICOLOGY – (PRACTICALS)

Preparation of following types of cosmetic preparation based on the theory

I) Creams:

    i) Cold Cream              ii) Vanishing Ceam 

   iii) Cleansing cream        iv) Emollient cream,  

   v) All purpous cream    VI) foundation cream

II) Face powders and mak-up  

     i) face powder,                 ii) Dusting powder,   

    iii) Compact powder          iv) Liquid make up     

     v) Stick make up,             VI) Cake make up,

     Vii) face mask,                viii) all purpose masks.

III) Body Cosmetics:

       i) Hand &body lotion,        ii) Hand protective cream

      iii) Peeling lotion,                IV) Corn callus preparation

       v) Foot cream,                     VI) Sunscreen lotion.

IV) Baby Cosmetic:

        i) Baby Lotion,      ii) Baby Cream,            iii) Baby powder

V)   Hair prgaration

        i) Liquid shampoo,                 ii) Cream shampoo

       iii) Gel shampoo,                     iv) Brilliantine

 VII) Coloured make –up:

        i) Lipstick                          ii) Lipsalve           iii) pressed Rouge                    iv)  Wax based rouge,      v) Cake Mascara,                 vi) cream Mascara

      vii) Eye shadow                viii) Cream eye shadow,       ix) Liqud Eye liner

VIII) Manicure preparations:

          i) Nail Lacquer                         ii) Nail Enamel remover

IX)  Dental product:

          i) Mounth Wash,                       ii) Tooth paste

X) Astringent and skin tonics:

          i) Astringent stick      ii) Astringent crebm          iii) Skin toner

x)  Miscellaneous:

      Insert Repellant Cream

Recommended book: 

 1) J.B.Wilkinson, R.J .More; ‘Harry Cosmeticology’, Longman Singapore publishers’ pvt. Ltd., Singapore; Pvt. Ltd., Singapore; Eight edition

 2) Balsam M.S. and sagarin Edward ,’ Cosmetics Scince and Tecnology’ (Vol. &II, III) Krieger publishing Company, Malabar, Florida; second Edition 1974. Reprint    Edition -1992.

 3) Sharma, p.p., ‘ Cosmetics – Formulation, manufacturing and Quallity Control:’ vandana publication , Delhi; Second Edition .2002

 4) E.G Thomaseen ‘ Modern Cosmetics’; Universal publishing Corporation, Bombay, First Edition -1951, Reprint -1985.

 5) Louis Appell,’ Cosmetic Fragrances and Flavours;’ micelle press-Englend, United Book and periodicals, Bombay, India, Revised edition – 1994.

 6) Pouches,’ perfumes, cosmetic and soap,’ Chapman 7 Hall London, UK; Ninth edition, 1994.

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FINAL YEAR B. PHARM

BIOPHARMACEUTICS &PHARMACECOKINETICS (THEORY

1. Introduction to Biopharmceutics and pharmacokinetics, basic definitions, concept, application.

 2. Pharmacokinetic considerations of drug concentration in plasma, rate processes, concept of compartmental models, one compartment modelDetermination of various pharmacokinetic parameters of drug after intravenous boul and infusion and after singal dose oral administration , calculation of absorption rate constant and elimination rate constant and other parameters using residual method and wagner nelson method monitoring drug concentration in Urine.

 3. Factors affecting drug absorption, drug route of administration intravascular and    ex travascular routes, drug absorption, gastrointestinal absorption, biological considerations, physico-chemical considerations, role of dosage from.

4. Drug Disposition, distribution, drug –protein binding in blood and tissue, volume of distribution.

 5. Drug metabolisms, disposition of metabolites, first pass effect, non –liner metabolism, hepatic clearance.

 6. Drug elimination, renal excretion, renal clearance, creatinine clearance, extraction ratio.

 7. Bioavailability studies, absolute and comparative bioavailability, bioequivalence of pharmaceutical formulations, method and limitations of such studies, in –vivo-in vitro correlations.

8. in –vivo-in vitro   correlations.

 9. Drug dosing regimens: Individualization and optimization in some disease states.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:

Latest editions of the following books.

1 Wellig P.G., Tse F.L.S.’ pharmacokinetics Regulatory Industrial Academic perspectives,’ Marcel Dekker Inc. New york, 2^nd ed, 1995.

2 Gibaldi M, Perrier D,’ pharmacokinetics,’ Marcel Dekker  Inc., New york , 2^nd ed., year 1987.

3 Tozer T.N., Rowland M,’ Clinical pharmacokinetic’,

1. Lea and Fedbiger B. I Waverly PVT. Ltd., Delhi, 1995.

4 Swarbric,’ clinical pharmacokinetics’.

5 Tipnis H.B Bajaj A.N.,’ Textbook of Biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetic’, career publication, Nashik, 2001

6 Brahmankar D.M. & jayswal Sunil,’ Biopharmaceutics and & pharmacokinetics,’ vallabh Prakashan, 1^st edition, 1995.

7 Swarbrik, James. ‘Current concepts in the pharmaceutical Science:

   Biopharmaceutics,’ Lea & Febiger, ed., Philadelphia.

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FINAL YEAR B. PHARM

PHARMACOLOGY- II (THEORY)

1. Drugs acting on automic nervous system:   

    a) Cholinoreceptor activating and cholinesterase inhibiting drugs.

    b) Cholinoreceptor blocking drugs.

    c)  Adrenoreceptor activating drugs

    d)  Adrenoreceptor blocking drugs

    e)  Ganglion blocking agents.

    f)   Neuromuscuiar blockig agent

 2. Drugs used in cardiovascular disorders:

   Antihypertensive agents

   Vasodilators

   Treatment of angina pectoris,

   Cardiac glycosides and drugs used in congetive heart failure,

   Agent used in cardiac arrhythmias.

   Drugs used in blood disorders: Agents used to trat anemias,

   Drugs affecting coagulation, bleeding and clotting time

   Drugs used in hyperlipidemia and plasma expanders.

 3. Chemotherapy:

Principles of chemotherapy,

Antibacterials penicillins, cephalosporins, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines,

Macrolides, clindamycin, aminoglycosids, polymyxins, vancomycin,

Sulfonamides, trimethoprim,

Antifungals,

Anitivirals,

Antimycobacterial drugs,

Anthelminitc drugs

Anitiprotozoal agents

Pharmacothetapy of septic shock

Pharmacotherapy of sexually transmitted diseases

Pharmacotherapy of urinary track infection

Pharmacotherapy of HIV

Drug for cencer chemotherapy (antineplastic agents)

 4. Drugs for immunmodulation and gene therapy

 5. Toxicology

   Introduction toxicology

   General measures taken in the treatment of poisoning

    Specific antidotal treatement of poisoning produced by:

   a) Opioids

   b) Solanaceous drugs

   c) Solanaceous drugs

   d) Barbiturates and

   e) Salicylates

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FINAL YEAR B. PHARM

PHARMACOLOGY –II- (PRACTICALS)

1. Effect of drugs on isolated frog’s heart

2. Bioassay of histamine using guinea pig ileum by interpolation method

 3. Bioassay of histamine using guinea pig ileum by bracing method

 4. Four point bioassay of acetylcholine on rectus abdominus muscle of frog

 5. Bioassay of the antagonist d- tubocurarine using frog’s rectus muscle preparation.

 6. Effect of phenobarbitone on righting reflex of mice

 7. Effect of diazepam on muscle relaxant of mice on rota rod apparatus

 8. Determination of anticonvulsant activity of phenobarbitone

 9. Determination of antialgesic reponse of asprin

 10. Determination of anticonvulsant activity of phenobarbitone

 11 Determination of anticonvulsant activity of diazepam

 12 Determination of anticonvulsant activity of phenyton

 13 Effect of diazepam on locomotor activity

 14 Effect of barbiturates on sleeping time in mice.

 15 Chlorpromazine induced catatonia in rats.

 16 Effect of calcium and potassium ions on frog’s heart

 17 Effect of propranolol on calcium and adrenaline induced responses using perfused frog heart

 18 Effect of digitals on failing heart

 19 Identification of test substances with the help of suitable blockers using perfused frog heart

 20 Tutorials in pharmacology

      50 % of the precticals will be computer- simulated experiment

BOOKS FOR THE PRACTICALS

1 Goyal R.K practicals in pharmacology , published by B.S Shah Prakashan Ahedabad, India, 2^nd edition , 2000.

2 Kulkarni S.K Handbook of Experimental pharmacology, published by Vallabh prakashan New Delhi, India, 3^rd edition, 1999.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:

 Latest editions of the following books:

 1 Tripathi K.D., ‘ Essentials of Medical pharmacology’, published  by jaypee brothers, New Delhi, India, 4^th edition, 1999

 2 Sheth S.D.,’ Textbook of pharmacology,’ published by Churchill Livingston Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi India, 2^nd edition, 1999.

 3 Godaman and Gilman ,’ The pharmacological basic of therapeutics,’ published by Mc Graw –Hill, Internationl edition New York, U.S.A, 9^th edition, 1999

 4 Satoskar R.S Bhand arkar S.D., Ainapur S.S ‘pharmacology and phamacotherapeutics,’ published by popular prakashan Mumbai, India, 18^th edition, 2003

 5 Wilson and Gisvold’s Texbook of ‘Organic, Medical and pharmacological chemistry,’ published by Lippincott- Raven publishers, Philadelphia, 10^th edition, 1998.

 6 Goyal R.K ., ‘Practicals in pharmacology’, published by B.S. Shah prkashan, Ahedabad, India, India, 2^nd edition, 2000.

 7 Kukarni S.K., ‘Handbook of Experimental pharmacology,’ published by Vallabh prakashan New Delhi, India, 3^rd edition, 1999.

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FINAL YEAR B. PHARM

                                 BIOCHEMISTRY (THEORY)

1. Applications of biochemical principles to phamacy Ultrastructure of  

        a cell Functions of cellular constituents:

 2. Carbohydrates- Types dejection and absorption of carbohydrates with examples Anacrobic and aerobic glycolsis, with energy transistors, glycogenesis, glycogenetis Hexose monophosphat shut and energetics. Diseases associated with carbohydration metabolism.

 3. Proteins- Typis, structure- primary second tertiary, quaternary, digestion. Absoption of poAmino acids- type, metabolism and absorption of problems sequence determination methods, formation of urea, creative, urea cycle. Diseases associated with protean metabolism.

 4. Lipids: Types digeston and absorption of lipids, B- oxidation of fatty acids, Biosynthesis of cholesterol, bile acids, adrenocortizoid progesterons estrogens and testosterone Ketone boldise, Diseases associated with lipid metabolism.

 5. Vitamins, classification of Vitamins, biochemical role, sorces, dally requirements, deficiency symptoms of vitamin and other growth fectors.

 6. Biological oxidations and electron transport chain, its significance, cytochromes, oxidative phosphorylation.

 7. Enzymes, classification of enzymes, conenzymes, Enzyme kinetics Michaelis- Menten equation and its transformation: double reciprocal plot factors affecting enzyme action Enzyme inhibition and kinetics.

8. Mucleic: Purine &pyrimide bases, nucleotides, nucleosids and their biosynthesis.

  DNA-Waston and crick model, b from, Replication of DNA as the Carrier of genetic information.

  RNA-m RNA, t-RNA r- RNA [ascarriers of genetic of information function and structure RNAS Transcription and protein synthsis.

 9. Hereditory diseases.

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FINALYEAR B. PHARM

BIOCHEMISTRY (PRACTICALS)

Qualitative Analysis of Carbohydrats

Qualitative Analysis of proteins

Qualitative Analysis of Amino acids

Qualitative Analysis of Carbohydrates

                   I        Lane Eynon’s method for estimation of Glucose 

                   II       Wilstaters method for estimation of Glucose

                  III       Benedicts method for estimation of Glucose

                  IV       Selvinoffs method for estimation of sugars

Qualitive analysis of proteins –Biutet Method Estimation of Caselin.

Quantitative estimation of Vitamin C by dye method or KIO3 Method

Estimation of Vitamin C in fruif juices, plant extracts etc.

Quantitative estimation of B-amylase

Effect of PH temperature, ions on enzyme activity.

RECOMMNDED BOOKS:

1 Harper’s Review of Biochemistry, Harper H.A., Los Altos Large Medical publication

2 Biochemistry by Conn & Stump.

3 Principles of Biochemistry by lehninger A.L Nelson D.L. and Cox M.M., CBS publishers and Distributors , Delhi 2^nd edition, 1993.

4 Textbook of Biochemistry by praful Godkar.

5 A Textbook of practical Biochemistry by plummer.

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FINAL YEAR B. PHARM

 BIOTECHNOLOGY (THEORY)

1. Development of Biotechnology; principles and methods.

2. Tissue Cultures:

   Animal cell & tissue culture, advantages and disadvantages, laboratory ntechnique, primary culture, cell –lines and evolution of cell lines, doing of cell lines, large Scale Cell culture, Primary Explanation Technique, Organ culture, whole embryo culture, tissue engineering.

b) Transgenic animals.

Plant Tissue Cultures:

Development of plant tissue cultures, Organ cultures callus and suspension cultures Totipotency, Organogenesis somatic embryo genesis, protoplast fusion and somatic hybridization somaclonal variation germyplasm storage including cryopreservison.

3. Microbial Genetics

- Gene transformenson, transduction conjugation, plasmide and their biological

A brief account of genetic phenomenon, in encaryotics. Recombinat DNA Tecnique.

- Bicterial mutation and mutagenesis, type of mutagens, biological significance of mutation, induced mutations, isolation of mutants, role of mutation in strain improvement , artifical chromosomes, Cloning in bacteria virus Yeasts and other eqkaryotes

- Recombination DNA and gene cloning and exprenson vectors, chimaeric DNA, moleculer probes and gene libarian

- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and gene amplification. Basic PCR& its modification, application of PCR in biotechnology. & genetic engineering. DNA polymorphism RAPDs, VNTRs SSRs, gene tagging DNA finger printing.

 -Isolation sequencing and synthesis of genes.

  -Gene synthesis machines and human gene therapy.

- Introduction to Clinical Genetics.

- Madeline Inheritance,

- Dominant

- Recessive

- Lethal

- Sex linked

- Sex influenced multifactoral and mitochondrial inheritance

 - Genetic diseases of heart lungs kidney Brain sex Organs.

5. Fermentation Technologies:

- Type of Fermentation and processes. Fermenatation and bioprocess monitoring.

- A detailed account of industrial fermentation processes of alcohol beverages, antibiotics (Penicillin, streptomycin tetracycline), organic acids (citric acid, 1-gluconi acid), solvents (acetone, butanol), amino acid (1-lysine, 1-glutamete), Vitamin (Vit.A VitB2 Vit B12) Vinegar, enzymes (amylases, lipases, proteases)

- Microbical bioconversison (industrial hydroxylation hydrogenation of steroids)

-Single CellProteins, role of genesis in fermention.  

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:

Latest editions of the following books

1. Remington’s pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack publications, Ed. Martin

2. Chasid D.J., Industrial Microbiology

3. Chhadda M.S. & Heble M.R., ‘Biotechnological Applications of plant Cell & Tissue Cultures: Problems and prospect,’ BARC, 1980.

4. Kumar S.D., ‘A Textbook on Biotechnology,’ Affiliated East- West press Private Ltd., New Delhi, 2^nd 1998.

5. Rw Fr. DR. S. Ignocimuthu, Basic Biotechnology, Tata Mc Graw- Hill publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi, 1995

6. Reinert Jand Bajaj YPS,’ Applied and Fundamental Aspect of plant cell, Tissue, and orgene Culture,’ Narosa publishing House,

7. Rw Fr. Dr.S. Ignacimuthu, S.J., Applied plant Biotechnology,’ Tata Mc Graw- Hill publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi, 1996.

8. Dodds J.H and Roberts L.W., ‘Experiments in plants Tissue Culture,’ Cambridge University press, 3^rd ed, 1995

9. Keshav Trehan, Biotechnology,’ Rastogi publications, Meerut, 1998.

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FINAL YEAR B. PHARM

PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-IV (THEORY)

A study of the following topics with regard to the physico –chemical properties, mode of action of drug molecules, structure activity relationship (SAR), synthesis of a few important drug molecules marked *. IUPAC nomenclature of drugs and their and therapeutics uses.

 1) Adrenergic Agents:

Adrenergic Neurotransmitters- ther structure and physicochemical properties, adrergic receptos alpha and directly and indirectly acting sympathomimetics and agent with a mixed mechanism of Acton

 Alpha and Beta agonists: phenylephrine, Epinephrine*, Norepinephrine, Isoproterenol* Metaproterenol*, Terbutaline *, salbutamol*, Isoetharine, Dopamine*, Debutamine, Ephedrine*, Mephentermine*,Hydroxyamphetamine, Nylidrin, Isoxsuprine.

Imidazoline Derivatives- Naphazoline* and Tetrahydrazoline.

2 Adrenergic Blocking Agents- Classification 

Neuronal Blocking agent –Bretylium tostylate and guanethidine sulphate*

Alpha Blockers:  Erogot alkaloids – Ergovine, ergotamine, Mathysergide, Prazosin*, phentolamine *, Tolazoline, phenoxybenzamine*

Beta Blockers: Propranolol*, Metoprolol*, Nadolol, practolol, Timolol, Labetalol.

3 Cholinergic Agents: Cholinergic Neurotraansmitters, Cholinergic and thier classification muscarinic and nicolinesterase inhibitors.

Acetylcholine*, Methacholine*, Carbachol*, Bethnchol*, Pilocarpine, physostigmine*, Neostigmine*, pyridostigmine, Ambenonium chloride. Isoflurophate, parathion Malathion.

4 Cholinergic Blocking Agents.

Parasympathetic postganglionic Blockers: General Structur, chemical

Classification Solanaceeous alkalods Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine,

Aminoalcohols- Cyolopen to sylate*, Clidinium bromide, piperidolate,

Methantheline*,

Amino alchol ethers – Benztropine*, and Orphenadrine*

Aminoalcohols- Biperiden, Procyclidine, Aminoumides- Isoproamide

Miscllaneous- Diphemanil, Ethopropazine*

Papaverine alkaloids – paravirine

Ethaverine and Doxycycline

Ganglionic Blocking Agents- Depolarizing and non –depolazing

Trimetharphan, Mecamylamin*

Neuromuscuraine,Bloking Agents- Classification Curare and Curare Alkaloids, Tubocurarine, Decamethonium Gallamine.

5 Narcotic Analgesics:

Morphine and its therapeutics application

A  Synethtic Analgesics:

A  Peripheral Modification

Codene, Donin, Thebaine , Heron, Hydromorphon, Hydrocodone,

Oxymorphone, Oxycodone, their alkylated analogs, and Apomorphine

B Skeletal Modifications:

i) Meperidine Analogs- SAR Mepedine *, Ketobemidone*, Anilerdine,

propionoxy and phenyl derivation of meperidine, proheptazine,

Ethoheptazine*, prodili lidine, Fentanyl.

ii) Methadone Analogs- SAR Methadone*, Isomethadone*, LAAM. Propoxyphen*.

iii) Morphinan Analogs- N-methylmorphinan, Lavorphanol*,

Dextromethorphan, cyclorpharn, butorphanol.

iv) brnzomorphans- pentazonic *, Cyclazonic Narcotic Anatagonists –Nalorphine Levallorphan, Naloxone.

6 Non –steroidal Antiinflammatory Agents:

Chemical classification, salicylic acid and its derivatives, salols, Aspirin.

Mefenamic acid and Meclofenamate.

Indomethacin*, Ibuprofen*.

Fenoprofen Flurbiprofen Ketoprolac, Naproxen*, Diclofenac,

Piroxicam*.

Phenacetin*, Acetaminophen,

Antipyrine*, Aminopyrine

Pheaylbutazone*, Oxyphenbutazone*

Drug used in the treatment of neuromuscular disorders

Drugs used in Parkinson’s disease:

Anticholinergics, Dopamine, Levodopa  Carbidopa, Decarboxylase inhibitors.

MAO Inhibitors- selegiline*,

Dopamine b –hydroxylase inhibitor – Fusaric acid. Other Dopaminergic agent- Amantadine, Apomorphine, Norapomorphine, Bromocriptine.

Muscle Relaxants- Antodyne, Mephenesin Chlophensin, Methocarbamol’.

7 Antihypertensives and Antianginal agents

All the ciasses of antihypertensive drugs.

i)Drugs acting centrally: Clonidine, Methyl dopa.

ii) Gangilionic blockers – Hexamethonium and Trimethorphan

iii) Drugs acting on post ganglionic nerve endings- Guanethidine, Beryllium reserving*.

iv) and B blockers – Phentolamine, phenoxybenzamine, prazosin, propranolol*, Atenolol, Acebutol, Metoprolop.,

v) Ca- channel Blockers – Nimodipine, Nicardipine, and Ampodipine.

vi) ACE Inhibitors- Capopri *, Enalapril, Lisinopril, Rampiril, Benazepril, Fasinopril.

vii) Drugs acting on smooth muscles – Hydrallazine, Diazoxide, Minoxidil*

viii) Antianginal agent- Oranic nitrates, beta blockers calcium channel blokers, antiplatelet drugs and cytoprotectives.

9 ) Nomenclature, classification and therapeutics, uses of prostaglandins.

10 Introducton to QSAR

Need, of QSAR, physicohemical parameters and substituent constant such as, T1 , Es Ka, partition coefficient, Rm, Chemical shifts molar retrativity, simple and valence molecular connectivity to indicat electronic effects, Lipophilic effects and stric effects, use of octanol in determination of partition coefficient: Indroduction methology advantages and disadvantages or limitations of Hansch Analysis and Free Wilson Approach.

11 Introduction to asymmetric synthesis

Chirality enantiomers diasterromers, need of chiral compounds, Eutomers, distomerss, eudismic ratio, chirality pool kinetic resolution, asymmetric synthesis, prochiral moiety isometric ballast, enantiospespecificity, enantioselectivity, diasterioselectivity

12 Combinatorial Chemistry- basics databases and libraries.

13 Hepatitis: Hepatitis A,B and Cviruses

Interferon  alfa,  Lamivudine, Ribivirin, Adefovir, clevudine Entecavir,

Emtrucutabine.

14 Cox2 inhibitors- Eicosanoids, synthesis of prostaglandins, role of cyclooxygenases (commonly used NSAIDS) Selective inhibitors of cox-2 Rofecoxib, celecoxib, Etodolac, Nimesulids*, Nabumetone, Meloxicam their advantages over nonselective cyclooxygenases inhibitors. 

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FINAL YEAR B. PHARM

PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY (PRACTICALS)

I  : Long Experiments:

Synthesis of drugs and drug intermediates using following reaction. CA least fifteen experiments from following different class)

 1) Oxidation      : Banzoin to banzil (HNO3)

 (2 Expts.)       : p- Nitrotoluene to p-nitrobenzoic acid (sodium dichromale)

2) Reduction      : p- Nitrottrobezoic acid to PABA (1Expt.)

3) Esterification  :PABA to benzocaine (1EXPT.)

4) Benzilic acid   : rearrangement : Benzil to Benzilic acid

5) Pinacolone Rearrangement: Benzil to 5,5 –diphenylydanition (1Expt.)

6) Fridel  Crafts alkylating agent, t-butyl chloride and conversion of benzene to  t- butylbenzen.

    Benzen to acetophenone / benzo phenone / triphenylmethean

7) Hoffmann bromamide reaction

     Phthalimide to anthrranilic acid.

8) Sandmeyer Reaction (2 expts)

    Anthranilic acid to o- cholorbenzonic acid and

    Anthranilic acid to o- iodobenzoic acid.

9) Nitration (2 exits.)

    Acetanilide to p- nitroaniline

    Resorcinol to 2-nitroesorcinol

10) Granger reaction

       Prepartion of granger reagent and sysnthesis of secondary alcohols using corresponding alkyli holiday/

11) Prekin condensation

      Cinnamic acid from enzaldehyde and actic anhydride.

12) Classier condensation

       Sensitization to ethlcinnamate.

13) Diazotization – Domination Aniline to trbromobenzene.

      2, 4, 6- Tribromoaniline to tribromobenzone.

14) Roemer- Thiemann Reaction.

      Phenol- Salicyladehyde

II Experiments:

1) Benz amide to Benzoic acid                    2) Cyclohexanone to 1, 2, 3, 4 terahydrocarbazole

3) Oxeye of benzaldehyde.                          4) Beta-naphthol benzoate from benzoic acid.

5) Orthophenylenediamine to benzimidazole

6) Orthophenylene diamante to 2,3 –diphenylquinodaline

RECOMMENED BOOKS:

   Latest edition of the following books.

I) Wilson and Griswold’s Textbook of Organic Medicinal and pharmaceutical

Chemistry,’ ed. Robert F. Doerge, Lippincott Company, U.S.A.

2) W. O. Foyer, T.L Lemke and D. A Williams,’ Principles of Medicinal chemistry,’ B.I. Waverly Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi

3) Burger’s ‘Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery,’ ed. D.J Abraham,. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, U.S.A

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FINAL YEAR B. PHARM

PHARMACEUTICS- IV (THEORY)

1) Prefomulation studies: Stage of product development, Bulk characterization, physico chemical properties of drugs affecting formulation: particle size, physical from polymorphism, solubility analysis etc., Drug excision interaction stability testing, ICH guidelines, shelf life determination.

2) Controlled release drug delivery systems, rate and dose considerations, mechanisms of drug release. Criterion for selection of controlled release.

Types of controlled release dosage from Diffusion and dissolution systems, polymers, polymers used. Oral and potential controlled release drug delivery systems.

Introduction to novel drug delivery systems and Drug carrier systems like liposome’s, micros here, nanoparticals for ocular nasal, transdermal, pulmonary intra uterine route of administration.

3 Pilot plant Scale up techniques:

Manufacture of pharmaceutical evaluation of formula, equipment, raw materials, process optimization, personnel requirements, factorial designs 

4) Micro encapsulation: Concept, core material. Coting material, processing and equipment for micro encapsulation, quality control, applications.

5) Aerosols, components formulations, propellants and lading methods, Nebulae’s, MDIS, Dry powder inhalers, topical nasal. Sprays.

6) Total Quality Managements Good Manufacturing Practice, Controls on personnel, building digging and about, general facilities, environmental controls and other controls during manufacture, storage and distribution of products. Quality Assurance and quality control department in process control Manufacturing documents, statical quality control, Quality control charts, sampling method and sampling plants, Quality audits and documentation.

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FINAL YEAR B. PHARM

PHARMACEUTICS – IV (PRACTICALS)

I preparation Evaluation of controlled relese dosage forms

1. Praparation sustained release granules using hydrophobic matrix (ex) salicylic acid in stearic acid by fusion method.

2. Preparation of sustained release granule by embedding in hydrophilic matrix eg.

   Ibuprofen in Guar gum matrix.

3 Preparation of sustained release granules with polymer coting eg. Chloroquine granules coated with Ethyl cellulose.

4 Evaluation of controlled release granules by dissolution studies using dissolution rate test apparatus I.P

5 Dissolution rate studies on sustained release granules using Ph change method (I e) variable buffers using U.S.P dissolution test apparatuse.

6 Preparation and evaluation of controlled release pellets using Extruder pelletizer. Eg, Calcium carbonate pellets with Micro crystalline cellulose.

7 preparation and evaluation of Ibuprofen gel preparation using Cabool.

8 Monographic Evaluation of Inhalation Aerosols (eg) Salbutamol metered dose nhalation aerosol.

9 Preparation and evaluation of transdermal films eg Ibuprofen TDS.

10 Study of diffusion rate from Transdermal films using diffusion cells.

11 Preparation of aspirin granules by roll compaction and direct compression into tablets.

12 Filling of gelatin capsules using Hand operated capsule filling machine and validation of processes.

13 Microencapulation of drugs using phase  separation coacervation technique (eg) Liquid paraffin with gelatin, phase separation induced by salt addition. 

14 Microencapulation of drugs by inducing phase separation cooperation using non solvent (eg) ferrous fumarate by polyvinyl alcohol and Acetone.

15 Microencapulation of drug using orifice method. eg Calcium carbonate by polyvinyl alcohol and no solvent Acetone. 

16 Accelerated stability humidity conditions on Aspirin solution

17 Microencapsulating of drugs by phase separation coacervation induced by complication (eg) Activated charcoal by gelatin and gum Acacia.

18 Effect of accelerated humidity conditions on Aspirin tablets.

19 Pharmacokinetic studies after oral administration of a sulpha drug  using rabbit as a model.

20 Determination of pharmacokinetic parameters like tmax coma kamax ke,and AGC after oral or Intra venous administration.

21 Preparation quality control charts and validation documentation of liquid filling operation.

22 Demonstration of machines available for pilot plants.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:

Latest editions of the following books.

1 L.Lachman H.A. Lieberman & J.K Kanig Lea, ‘Theory and Practice of Industrial pharmacy,’ 3^rd edition, Verghese publishing house, Mumbai-1987.

2 Remington: ‘The science and practice of pharmacy,’ A.R.Gennard Mack publishing company, Pennsylvania, 19^th edition, 1995.

3 Chien Y.W.,’ Novel drug delivery system,’   Marcel Dekker publication, U.S.A., 1992.

4 Robinson, Lee V.H., controlled drug delivey fundamentals and

   Application, Marcel Dekker publication, 1987

5 Angel HC, popwich NG, Allen L.V.’Pharmaceutical dosage forms and drug delivery systems,’ B I Waverly Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1999.

6 Banker G S, Rhoder C. T., ‘Modern pharmaceutics,’ Marcel Dekker Inc

publication, 3^rd ed., 1996

7 Jain N.K ed., ‘Advances in controlled and Novel drug delivery,’ Vol. I&II, CBS publisher.

8 Willing S.H. –‘Good manufacturing practices for pharmaceutics,’ Marcel Dekker Inc. publication.