Gujarat Technological University

B.Pharm Semester-I

Structure for First Semester of Degree Pharmacy Course

Elementary (Remedial) Mathematics

Theory(2 Hours / Week; 2 Credits)

1. Algebra:

Equation reducible to quadratic, simultaneous (linear & quadratic),

Determinants, properties of solution of simultaneous equations by Cramer’s

rule, matrices, definition of special kind of matrices, arithmetic operations on

matrices, pharmaceutical applications of determinants & matrices,

Evaluation of En1, En2 & En3 mensuration & its pharmaceutical

applications.

2. Measures of dispersion:

Range, average deviation, standard deviation, probability & probability

distribution.

3. Permutation ,combination, AP GP, Binomial theorem

4. Trigonometry:

measurement of angle, T-ratios, addition subtraction & transformation

formulae, T-ratios of multiple sub- multiple, allied & certain angles.

Application of logarithm in pharmaceutical computation.

5. Analytical plans geometry:

Certain co-ordinates, distance between two points, areas of triangle, a locus

point, straight line slope & intercept from double-intercept form, normal

(perpendicular form), slope point & two point form, general equation from

first degree.

6. Calculus:

Differential: Limits & functions, definitions of differential coefficient

differentiations of standard functions, including a function of a function

(chain rule). Differentiation of implicit faction, logarithms differentiation,

parametric differentiation, successive differentiation.

Integral: Integration as inverse of differentiation, indefinite integrals of

standard forms, integration by parts, substitution & partial fractions, formal

evaluation of definite integrals.

Differential equation of first order & first degree, V.S. method,

homogeneous & linier differential equation, pharmaceutical application on

differential equation.

Books Recommended

1. Remedial Mathematics by Gupta & Prabhakar ; Pragati Prakashan

2. Remedial Mathematics for Pharmacy by R.C.Kachot; Mahajan Prakashan

3. College Mathematics by Kai L. NILSON, Barnes & Noble inc.

Basics of Computer Applications

Theory(2 Hours / Week; 2 Credits)

1. Computer Fundamentals: 3hrs

Definition, characteristics, history, computer terminology, computer

organization, input & output devices, storage devices (including latest

devices), classifications of computers (including current computer

systems), binary conversions and ASCII code, application of computers in

pharmacy, introduction to computer virus.

2. Operating Systems: 3hrs

a. Definition, functions of an operating system, types of operating systems

and their characteristics.

b. DOS

Introduction, basic DOS commands such as creating directory, copying

creating files, backup, restore, autoexec.bat file, config.sys file,

etc. internal and external commands for file and directory management.

c. Windows:

Desktop, start-menu, control panel, accessories, my computer,

my documents, recycle bin, printer and mouse settings, maximizing,

minimizing, restoring and closing of windows, windows explorer

3. MS Word: 6hrs

Word Essentials, the word workplace, Parts of MS Word screen, Typing

and Editing, Finding and Replacing, Autocorrect and Autotext, Reusing

Text and Graphics, use of spellcheck & grammer, thesaurus and scientific

symbols, viewing of document by various ways Editing Tools, Formatting

Text Formatting Text Character, Formatting Paragraphs, Formatting and

Sorting Lists, Page Design and Layout, Page Setup : Margins, Page

Numbers, and Other Items, Newspaper -style Columns, Working with

Tables Creating and formatting of tables and sorting, merging etc. of data

in tables. Inserting, deleting and sizing of rows and columns in tables,

Opening, Saving and Protecting Documents, Locating and Managing

Documents Printing, Assembling Documents with Mail Merge,

4. MS Excel: 6hrs

Introduction to EXCEL worksheet, calculations in EXCEL, preparation of

templates for application in pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmaceutical

technology, pharmacology and pharmacognosy (statistical treatment of

data for Beers Lamberts curve, solution of problems based on physical

chemistry, pharmaceutical engineering, stability study, area under the

curve, bio-assay, bioequivalence study, extraction, Rf value, etc.) Special

attention must be given to arithmetic expressions. Hierarchy of operation,

library functions such as logarithm, squareroot, standard deviation, sum,

average, t-test, ANOVA etc. Drawing graphs in EXCEL line graph,

histogram, pie-chart- At least one graph for each discipline of chemistry,

pharmaceutical technology, pharmacology and pharmacognosy -Editing

chart features such as annotation, labeling of axis, changing legends etc.

5. MS PowerPoint 3hrs

Creating and viewing a presentation, adding animations and managing

slide shows etc.

6. Introduction to MS Access and Outlook 3hrs

7. Introduction to softwares for viewing pdf documents 3hrs

(ADOBE reader, ACROBAT), drawing simple chemical structures

(CHEMDRAW, etc.)

8. Networking & Internet: 3hrs

Computer networks, networking technology, components of network.

Internet – Basic terms, software and hardware requirement for internet,

process of internet working, internet tools, Email- components and

working, study of pharmaceutical web sites and search engines, searching

through pharmaceutical data bases, study of patent websites.

Practicals (2 Hours / Week; 3 Credits)

Practical exercises should be based on theoretical topics. Exercise to

familiarize students with the use of various DOS commands and

WINDOWS environment. Exercises on word processing to execute

various commands in preparing and editing documents, preparation of

pharmaceutical documents and practical tables of pharmacognosy,

pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmaceutics and pharmacology in MS Word.

Preparing and editing worksheets in MS EXCEL, drawing graphs, inserting

formulas etc. Demonstration of softwares for viewing .pdf documents

(ADOBE reader, ACROBAT), drawing simple chemical structures

(CHEMDRAW, etc.)

Demonstration of pharmaceutical web sites including educational,

government, commercial & search engines working with E-mail & e-mail

software, patent Web-site.

Books Recommended:

1. Windows Vista : Step by Step, Joan Preppernau and Joyce Cox,

Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi , 2007.

2. Windows Vista : Plain & Simple, Jerry Joyce, and Marianne Moon,

Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi , 2007.

3. DOS commands in easy steps, Harshad Kotecha, Dreamtech Press,

New Delhi , 2000.

4. WORD 2000, Guy Hart Davis , BPB Publications, New Delhi , 1999.

5. WORD 2000:fast & easy, Diane Koers, BPB Publications, New Delhi ,

2000.

6. Microsoft WORD 2000:Training Guide, Maria Reid, BPB Publications,

New Delhi , 2000

7. Exploring Microsoft Office XP, John Breeden and Michael Cheek,

BPB Publications, New Delhi , 2001.

8. MS Office by Pierce, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi , 2007

9. MS Office: Plain & Simple, Jerry Joyce, and Marianne Moon,

Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi , 2007.

10. MS Office: Step by Step, Joyce Cox, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi ,

2007.

11 Pharmaceutical Statistics, S.Bolton, Marcel Dekker Inc. – 3rd Edition –

1997.

12 Common Statistical Tests - 1st edition - M.B.Kulkarni, S.B.Ghatpande &

S.D.Core, Satyajeet Prakashan, Pune.

13 Taxali R.K., P.C. Software for Windows 98 made simple – 8th Edition –

2002 – Tata Mc, New Delhi .

14 MS – Office by Ed. Bott. & Woddy Leohad, Prentice Hall of India, New

Delhi , 1999

15 An Introduction to Medical Statistics – 2nd Edition – Martin Bland –

Published by ELBS – Oxford University – Great Britain – 1995

16. Accessing and Analysing Data with MS EXCEL, Cornell, Prentice Hall

of India , New Delhi , 2007.

17. Manuals available with the software.

Pharmaceutical Engineering

Theory(3 Hours / Week; 3 Credits)

1 Introduction: 3hrs

Pharma engineering and its significance, unit operations and unit

processes. Unit systems, SI unit, CgS unit, gas constant and conversion of

units. Physical quantities,dimensions and units, dimensional equations,

dimensional analysis and dimensionless groups. Different types of

graphical representation.

2 Stoichiometry: 8hrs

General principles, material balance-tie substances, chemical reactions

and molal units, rate process, steady, unsteady and equilibrium state, laws

of combining weights, applications of gas laws, energy balance, fuels and

combustion, etc., Mathematical problems.

3 Fluid Flow: 8hrs

Type of steady flow, Reynold number & its significance, types of pressure,

viscosity, concept of boundary layers, total energy balance and total

mechanical energy balance, losses in mechanical energy of fluids, basic

equations of fluid flow, valves, flow meters, manometers. Mathematical

problems.

4 Material handling systems: 10hrs

Solids handling- storage, conveyers, vacuum & pneumatic conveying.

Liquid handling- storage, pumps Gases- Fans, blowers and compressors.

Colour coding of Pipelines, use of forklifts and pallets, store design in

pharmaceutical industries.

5 Heat Transfer: 10hrs

Modes of heat transfer.Conduction- Fourier’s law, resistances in series

and parallel, use of mean area and mean temperature difference.

Convection-Concept of film, overall coefficient, heat transfer by forced

convection in laminar and turbulent flow, condensing vapours, evaluation

of individual film coefficients. Radiation-Black body, absorptivity &

emmisivity. Heating of fluids, steam as heating medium, properties and

uses of steam, steam traps, study of steam table. Heat exchange

equipments-Heat exchangers, condensers, boilers, extended surface

scraped and surface equipments etc. applications of heat transfer in

industrial processes. Mathematical problems.

6 Mass Transfer: 3hrs

Principle, streams in mass-transfer operations, solid/fluid and fluid/fluid

mass transfer, influence of mass transfer on unit operations.

7 Materials of Pharmaceutical Plant Construction: 3hrs

General study of composition, corrosion resistance, properties, factors

affecting the selection of material of pharmaceutical plant construction

with special reference to stainless steel and glass. Corrosion-types,

causes, theories of corrosion and its prevention.

Practical (3 credits):

Practicals related to topics in pharmaceutical engineering theory should be

carried out. Experiments to demonstrate stoichiometry and tie substances

in chemical reactions, Study of various flowmeters and ejector pump,

Experiment on Reynolds number, Determination of overall heat transfer

coefficient, Demonstration of corrosion resistance of various materials.

Introduction to engineering drawing – demonstration of orthographic and

isometric projections, demonstration of AUTOCAD, interpretation of

pharmaceutical building drawings, pharmaceutical machinery drawings.

Flowcharting- drawing of simple flowcharts for pharmaceutical processes.

Books Recommended

1 Elementary Chemical Engineering - Max S. Peters, Published by McGraw

Hill Book Company, New York , 1954

2 Perry’s Chemical Engineer’s Handbook - Robert H Perry, Green D.W.,

Maloney J.O.7th Edition, 1998, McGraw – Hill Inc., New York .

3 Tutorial Pharmacy by Cooper & Gunn, ed. S.J.Carter, CBS Publishers &

Distributors, Delhi , 6th Edition, 2000.

4 Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering, 5th edition - McCabe, Smith &

Harriott, McGraw – Hill Inc., New York .

5 Pharmaceutical Engineering – K.Sambamurthy, 2002 NAI (P) Ltd., Delhi .

6 Pharmaceutics : The Science of Dosage Form Design - M.E. Aulton.

7 The Theory & Practice of Industrial Pharmacy – Lachman L., Lieberman

H.A. & Kanjig J.L., 3rd edition, 1990 Varghese Publishing House, Bombay .

8 Alfonso G. Remington: The Science & Practice of Pharmacy. Vol.I & II.

Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins Philadelphia .

9 Pharmaceutics I (Pharmaceutical Engineering), Jani G. K., B. S. Shah

Prakashan, Ahmedabad.

10 Pharmaceutical Engineering : Principles and Practice, Subramanyam

C.V.S., Thimma J, Suresh S.S. et. al., 2002, Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi .

11 A Textbook of Engineering Drawing Vol. I and II, P.J.Shah,6th Edition,

2003, Ahmedabad

12 Engineering Drawing, 34th edition, N.D.Bhatt Charutar Publishing House,

1994

13 Engineering Drawing & Graphic Technology, 13th edition by Thomas E.

French, Charles J. Vierch, Rebot J. Foster, McGraw Hill International

Edition, New Delhi , 1972

14 Introduction to Chemical Engineering by Walter L. Badger & Julius T.

Banchero, Mc graw Hill International edition, New Delhi , 1955.

Pharmaceutical Chemistry – I

(Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry)

Theory(3 Hours / Week; 3 Credits)

1. Introduction to Pharmaceutical Chemistry. 1hrs

2. Impurities in Pharmaceuticals: Sources of impurities, tests for 4hrs

purity and identity, limit tests for iron, arsenic, lead, heavy metals,

chloride, sulphate.

3. An outline of method of preparation, uses, special tests if any, 3hrs

of the following class of inorganic pharmaceuticals included in the

current pharmacopoeia:

a) Acids and Bases: Buffers, Waters 4hrs

b) astrointestinal agents: Acidifying agents, Antacids, Protective 4hrs

and Adsorbents, Cathartics.

c) Major intra and extra-cellular electrolytes: physiological ions, 5hrs

Electrolytes used for replacement therapy, acids-base balance

and combination therapy.

d) Essential and trace elements: Transition elements and their 3hrs

compounds of pharmaceutical importance: Iron and

haematinics, mineral supplements.

e) Topical agents: Protective, Astringents and Anti-infectives. 3hrs

f) Gases and Vapors: Oxygen, Anesthetics and Respiratory 2hrs

Stimulants.

g) Dental products: Dentifrices, Anti-caries agents. 3hrs

h) Complexing and Chelating agents used in therapy. 2hrs

i) Miscellaneous agents: Sclerosing agents, Expectorants, 4hrs

Emetics, Poisons and Anti-dotes, Sedatives etc.

j) Pharmaceutical Aids used in pharmaceutical industry : 6hrs

Anti-oxidants, Preservatives, Filter aids, Adsorbents, Diluents,

k) Inorganic Radio pharmaceuticals: 3hrs

Nuclear radiopharmaceuticals, reactions, Nomenclature, Methods

of obtaining their standards and units of activity, measurements

of activity, clinical applications and dosage, hazards and precautions.

Practical ( 3 credit )

1) The backgrounds and systematic qualitative analysis of 18hrs

Inorganic mixture of up to 4 radicals. Six mixtures to be analyzed,

Preferably by semi-micro methods.

2) All identification tests for pharmacopoeial inorganic pharmace 6hrs

uticals and qualitative tests for cations and anions should be

covered.

3) Limit tests for Cl, SO4, As, Heavy metals and Lead along with a 9hrs

Few modifications.

4) Volumetric Analysis of few important compounds covered in 12hrs

theory.

Books Recommended:

1. Inorganic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry : J. H. Block,

E. B. Roche, T. O. Soine, C. O. Wilson, Varghese Publishing House,

First Indian Reprint, 1986.

2. Bentley and Driver’s Textbook of Pharmaceutical Chemistry:

Revised by L. M. Atherden, Oxford University Press, 8th Ed. 1969.

3. The Indian Pharmacopoeia, Latest Edition,

Controller of Publications, Delhi .

4. Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry edited by A. H. Beckett,

J. B. Stenlake, CBS Publishers, and First Indian edition 1987.

5. Vogel’s Qualitative Inorganic Analysis Revised by G. Svehla,

Longman Gr. Ltd., 7th Ed. 1996.

Pharmaceutics I (Unit Operations I)

Theory(3 Hours / Week; 3 Credits)

1. Filtration 8hrs

Theory and mechanism of filtration process, factors affecting rate of

filtration, filter media, filter aids, types of filters, operation of filters,

industrial filters-leaf filter, filter press, rotary filter, edge filters, cartridge

filters, membrane filters, optimum cleaning cycle in batch filters, etc.

Mathematical problems on filtration.

2. Centrifugation: 4hrs

Principle and theory of centrifugation, industrial centrifuges-perforated

basket centrifuge, sedimentation type centrifuge, continuous

centrifuges etc. Applications in pharmacy.

3. Evaporation: 8hrs

Basic concept of phase equilibria, factors affecting evaporation,

heat transfer in evaporators, Duhring’s Rule and Raoult’s law,

evaporators- natural circulation forced circulation & film evaporators,

single effect and multiple effect evaporators, mathematic problems.

4. Distillation: 8hrs

Physical concepts, vapour liquid equilibrium relationship, volatility

& relative volatility, simple steam and flash distillations, batch and

continuous distillation, rectification, distillation columns (packed, plate)

and their efficiency, McCabe Thiele method for calculation of number

of theoretical plates, azeotropic, molecular & steam distillation,

mathematical problems.

5 Drying: 9hrs

Principle, Moisture content, loss on drying, theory & mechanism

of drying, drying rate and time calculations, classification of dryers,

factors affecting selection of dryers, dryers used in pharmaceutical

industries - tray, vacuum, fluidized bed, spray, freeze, tunnel,

Microwave, Infra Red(IR), rotary dryers. Mathematical problems

on drying.

6 HVAC(Humidity Ventilation and Air Conditioning): 8hrs

Definitions of various terms, wet bulb and adiabatic saturation

temperatures, psychrometric chart and determination of humidity,

equipments for humidification and de-humidification operations,

applications of humidity control in various pharmaceutical processes.

Basic concepts and types of refrigeration cycles, air conditioning,

applications in pharmacy. Design of HVAC systems.

Practical(3 Hours / Week; 3 Credits)

Practicals related to topics in theory should be carried out. Experiments on

filtration, factors affecting rate of filtration, demonstration of centrifuge,

experiments on evaporation, rectification, determination of HETP,

comparison of efficiency of packed and plate columns, steam distillation,

experiments to determine EMC of various pharmaceutical raw materials,

preparation of drying curves and calculation of rates, demonstration of tray

dryer, vacuum dryer, fluid bed dryer, Experiments on determination of

humidity and related parameters using DBT/WBT and Dew point methods,

demonstration of sling psychrometer, dial type and digital humidity

measuring instruments.

Books Recommended

1 Elementary Chemical Engineering - Max S. Peters,

Published by McGraw Hill Book Company, New York , 1954

2 Perry’s Chemical Engineer’s Handbook - Robert H Perry,

Green D.W., Maloney J.O.7th Edition, 1998, McGraw – Hill Inc., New York .

3 Tutorial Pharmacy by Cooper & Gunn, ed. S.J.Carter, CBS Publishers &

Distributors, Delhi , 6th Edition, 2000.

4. Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering, 5th edition – McCabe, Smith &

Harriott, McGraw – Hill Inc., New York .

5 Pharmaceutical Engineering – K.Sambamurthy, 2002 NAI (P) Ltd., Delhi .

6 Pharmaceutics : The Science of Dosage Form Design - M.E. Aulton.

7 The Theory & Practice of Industrial Pharmacy – Lachman L.,

Lieberman H.A. & Kanjig J.L., 3rd edition, 1990

Varghese Publishing House, Bombay .

8 Alfonso G. Remington: The Science & Practice of Pharmacy.

Vol.I & II. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins Philadelphia .

9 Jani G. K., Pharmaceutics II (Unit Operations), B. S. Shah Prakashan,

Ahmedabad.

10 Subramanyam C.V.S., Thimma J, Suresh S.S. et. al.,

Pharmaceutical Engineering : Principles and Practice, 2002,

Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi .

11 Introduction to Chemical Engineering by Walter L. Badger & Julius

T. Banchero, Mcgraw Hill International edition, New Delhi , 1955.

12 Filtration in Pharma. Industry by Theodore H. Meltzer, Marcel Dekker Inc.,

New York , 1987.

Anatomy physiology and Health education

Theory(3 Hours / Week: 3 Credits: 45 hours)

1. Introduction and Scope of Anatomy and Physiology. 2hrs

Structural and functional organization of various organ systems.

Definitions of various terms used in Anatomy.

2. Structure and function of cell and its components with 7hrs

Special emphasis on molecular structure of cell

membrane, transporter mechanisms, mitochondria and nucleus.

Cell cycle and its significance. Mechanism of protein synthesis

By cell organelles.

3. Elementary tissues of the body. Various elementary tissues 3hrs

and their subtypes: epithelial tissue, muscular tissue, connective

tissue and nervous tissue.

4. Osseous system: Structure and function of skeleton. Histology 5hrs

of bone Classification of joints and their function. Joint disorders.

5. Muscular system: Gross anatomy of skeletal muscles. Names, 5hrs

position, attachments and functions of various muscles.

Neuromuscular junction. Physiology of muscle contraction and

its components. Properties of skeletal muscles and their

significance in health disorders.

6. Haemopoietic system: Composition and functions of blood 6hrs

and its components. Blood groups. Mechanism of blood

coagulation. Haemopoiesis. Brief information regarding

disorders of blood.

7. Lymph and lymphatic system: Composition, Formation, and 3hrs

circulation of lymph. Extra-cellular, Tran-cellular and intra-cellular

fluids and their composition. Basic physiology of spleen and

serosal cavities. Disorders of lymphatic system.

8. Body defense Mechanisms & Immunity: Basic principles of 3hrs

immunity, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, immune

interactions, immunotherapy, acquired immunity, Reticuloendothelial

System.

9. Local Hormones, Inflammation & Allergy: Functional 5hrs

importance of histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT),

Ecosanoids, Platelet-activating factors (PAF) & peptides with

specific reference to their role in inflammation & allergy.

10. Digestive system; Gross Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal 6hrs

tract. Structure and functions of various organs of alimentary

canal and associated organs like Liver, pancreas and gall bladder.

Physiology of digestion and absorption. Brief overview of disorders.

Practical(2 Hours / Week: 2 Credits)

1. Study of the human skeleton. 2hrs

2. Study with the help of charts and models of the Digestive 2hrs

and Muscular System and organs

3. Histology of elementary tissues and organs of alimentary 2hrs

canal and associated organs

4. Hematology experiments 6hrs

Use & Care of Microscope

Study of Haemocytometry

Hemoglobin estimation

Total WBC count

Total RBC count

Differential WBC count

Determination of clotting time and bleeding time of blood,

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and Blood Groups

Effect of Osmosis on RBC

5. Amphibian Experiments for Study of Properties of Skeletal 3hrs

Muscle using either demonstrations or computer simulated

experiments.

Books Recommended

(Latest Editions)

1 William J. Larsen: Anatomy – Development, function, Clinical Correlations–

Saunders (Elsevier Science)

2 Guyton A.C. and Hall J.E. : Textbook of Medical Physiology – 10th Edition–

W.B.Saunders

3 Seeley R.R., StephensT.D. and Tate P.:Anatomy and Physiology 2000–

McGraw Hill Co.

4 Waugh A. and Grant A.: Ross and Wilson ’s Anatomy and Physiology in

Health & illness –– Churchill Livingstone

5 Sobotta : Atlas of Human Anatomy (2 Volumes) –Edited by Putz and

R. Pabst, Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins

6 Anne M.R.Agur & Ming J. Lee: Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy –Lippincott,

Williams and Wilkins

7 Gosling T.A., Harris P.F., Whitmore I. , William, Human Anatomy: Color Atlas

and Text –– Mosby

8 Bullock B.L. & Henze R.L., Focus on Pathophysiology –Lippincott

9 Martini, F. Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology (Prentice Hall)

10 West, J.B. Best and Taylor ’s physiological Basis of Medical Practice

(Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore)

11 Tortora G.J. and Anagnodokos, N.P. Principles of Anatomy and

Physiology (Harper and Colling Publishers, New York )

12 Derasari and Gandhi’s Elements of Human Anatomy, Physiology &

Health Education Eds R. K. Goyal et. al. (B.S.Shah Prakashan, Ahmedabad)

13 Joshi, Vijaya D. Preparatory Manual for Undergraduates Physiology

(B.I. Churchill Livingstone) –

14 Chatterjee, C.C.Human Physiology (Medical Allied Agency, Calcutta ) –

15 Goyal, R.K. et al.: Practical Anatomy Physiology and Biochemistry

(B.S. Shah Prakashan, Ahmedabad)

16 Garg K. et al. A Text Book of Histology (CBS Publishers, New Delhi )

17 Lesson, C.R. et al.: Text Book of Histology (W.B.Saunders Company)